These deal mostly with the flora of northeastern North America.


General Floras


Gray's Manual of Botany. Still one of the great standard references for the flora of northeastern North America. It has been through eight editions, of which seven are out of copyright. The titles of the various editions vary, and no one of them seems actually to be called Gray's Manual of Botany, but that is the title by which botanists usually refer to it.
Seventh edition. Gray's New Manual of Botany (Seventh Edition—Illustrated). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeatern United States and Adjacent Canada. Rearranged and Extensively Revised by Benjamin Linclon Robinson and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. This is the edition best used for reference today.


An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown.
Vol. I  (second edition,1913).
Vol. I  (first edition, 1896).

Vol. II (second edition, 1913).
Vol. II (first edition, 1897).

Vol. III (second edition, 1913).
Vol. III (first edition, 1898).


Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada,  by Nathaniel Lord Britton. Third edition, 1907. Based on Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora.


A Brief Flora of the Eastern United States. By W. Nevin Geddes, A.M., Ph.D., 1903. Bound with E. F. Andrews' Botany All the Year Round.

Flora Atlantica. Descriptive Botany; Being a Succinct Analytical Flora, including all the plants growing in the United States from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River. By Alphonso Wood, A.M., 1879.

The American Botanist and Florist: Including Lessons in the Structure, Life, and Growth of Plants; Together with a Simple Analytical Flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in the Atlantic division of the American Union. By Alphonso Wood, A.M., 1873. (Useful for its descriptions of plants commonly cultivated in 1873.)


Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania


Flora of Pennsylvania, by Thomas Conrad Porter, D.D., Ll.D., 1903.

Pennsylvania Trees. By Joseph S. Illick, 1919.

A Preliminary List of the Vascular Flora of Allegheny County, Pensylvania, by John A. Shafer, Ph.G., 1901.

Handbook of the Flora of Philadelphia and Vicinity. By Ida A. Keller and Stewardson Brown, 1905.